Hydrocotyle verticillata - Immersed Potted Plant

Hydrocotyle verticillata, commonly referred to as "Whorled Pennywort," is a fascinating and unique aquatic plant known for its distinctive circular, umbrella-like leaves. It belongs to the Apiaceae family and is valued for its unusual appearance, which adds a whimsical and natural touch to aquascapes. This plant is widely used by aquarists to create interesting foreground features and is adaptable to various aquarium environments.

Physical Characteristics:

1. Leaf Structure: Hydrocotyle verticillata features small, round, and deeply lobed leaves that resemble mini umbrellas. The leaves grow on thin, erect stems, and each leaf has a diameter of around 1-2 cm. The bright green colour of the leaves contrasts beautifully with other aquarium plants.

2. Growth Form: This plant has a creeping growth habit, spreading horizontally across the substrate. It sends out runners that produce new plantlets, making it ideal for forming ground cover in aquariums. Hydrocotyle verticillata tends to stay low to the substrate if it receives sufficient light, but in lower light, it can grow taller as it reaches for light.

3. Root System: The roots of Hydrocotyle verticillata are fine and delicate. They develop along the runners, helping the plant anchor into the substrate and absorb nutrients.

Aquarium Requirements:

1. Lighting: Hydrocotyle verticillata prefers moderate to high lighting to maintain its compact, low-growing form. Under higher light, the plant will stay close to the substrate, creating a beautiful carpeting effect. In lower light, the plant may grow taller and become leggy.

2. Substrate: While Hydrocotyle verticillata can adapt to a variety of substrates, it thrives best in nutrient-rich substrates such as aquasoil. This helps the plant establish quickly and promotes healthy growth.

3. CO2 and Fertilization: CO2 supplementation is recommended for faster growth and a more compact appearance, but it can also grow without CO2 in low-tech setups. Regular fertilisation with liquid fertilisers that provide both macro and micronutrients will help maintain its vibrant green colour and healthy growth.

4. Water Parameters: Hydrocotyle verticillata prefers slightly acidic to neutral water, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The ideal water temperature is between 20°C to 28°C. It can tolerate soft to moderately hard water, making it a versatile choice for many aquarium setups.

Propagation: Hydrocotyle verticillata is easily propagated through runners. The plant naturally spreads by sending out horizontal runners that produce new plantlets. You can propagate it by cutting sections of the runners and replanting them in the desired areas of the aquarium. These plantlets will develop roots and continue to grow.

Maintenance: Maintenance for Hydrocotyle verticillata involves regular trimming to prevent it from overtaking other plants or areas in the aquarium. If the plant becomes too dense or tall, pruning the runners will help maintain its shape and encourage more compact growth. Removing any dead or decaying leaves also helps keep the plant looking healthy.

Aquascaping Use: Hydrocotyle verticillata is highly versatile and can be used in a variety of aquascaping styles. Its unique, umbrella-shaped leaves make it an eye-catching addition to the foreground or midground of the aquarium. It is often used to create a soft, natural carpet, or as a whimsical accent near hardscape elements like driftwood and rocks. Its creeping growth pattern makes it ideal for filling empty spaces and adding texture to the layout.

Challenges: Hydrocotyle verticillata is generally easy to care for, but it may become leggy and lose its compact form under insufficient lighting. Ensuring proper light levels and regular pruning can help keep the plant looking neat and prevent it from becoming too invasive in the aquarium.

Conclusion: Hydrocotyle verticillata is a charming and visually striking plant that adds a playful yet natural touch to aquascapes. Its distinctive round leaves and creeping growth make it perfect for creating carpets or adding unique textures to foreground and midground areas. With the right care, including proper lighting, substrate, and occasional CO2 supplementation, this plant can thrive and bring a whimsical beauty to any freshwater aquarium.